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provenance:security:headers

Provenance: security:headers

Working log behind headers. Corpus-wide caveats are on corpus. Citations use the shared bibliography.

Run: 2026-08-27. Corpus: 5,859 extracted papers, 7 venues, 2010–2026, data/extract/run1. Item: drain wiki-measuretheweb / “security:headers (new)”, claimed as cursor-drain-headers, store id 221, run 59. Author of the page and this log: Cursor, not Claude Code. Reviews: three focused passes then one generic, all on GPT 5.6 Luna medium (gpt-5.6-luna-medium), the sitting's requested substitute for the spec's sonnet/fable split.

Creating, not extending. node scripts/dw.mjs info security:headers — page did not exist at claim time. ?do=export_raw on a missing page returns the HTML error page (not an existence test by byte count). dw.mjs pages does not list provenance:. Neighbour security already linked the red child. Overlap judgement: write the promised child rather than widening javascript (script XSS) or web_vulnerabilities (exploitability). Those pages keep their own jobs; this page owns the headers a crawl can see.

No ~~DISCUSSION~~ on this provenance page. Comments belong on the content page.

Scope decisions

Decision Why What a reasonable person might have done instead
Page N = 44 measured, not 176 / 317 / schema-header tuples 176 is the namespace probe ∩ web. 26 homographs, 13 citation-only, 72 mentions. Schema detection.phenomenon matching header tokens is not usable (nel matched channel). Publish 176 as “header papers”. That is a keyword hit, not a census.
Membership is the namespace regex, not a new one The parent page already published 317 / 176 as an upper bound. Changing the probe would silently fork the child from the parent. A tighter regex that drops SRI. Would hide the homograph lesson the parent already flagged.
ROLE is a hand map of all 176, residue 0 both ways The report exits 1 if the sweep and the map diverge. Deciding quotes: 176/176 in .cols (whitespace-normalised). Sample 30 and extrapolate. Forbidden.
Let’s Encrypt Certbot CCS 2019 is mention A lab usability study, not a live-web header census. Recoded after a first-pass agent mapped it measured. Count every paper that set a header in a lab. That is not this page's question.
Sicilian CCS 2015 is measured Three-month SRI churn crawl, then they propose SICILIAN. The measurement precedes the defense. Map it defense-only and lose the churn figure Steffens later made causal.
Agarwal CCS 2022 is measured Counts live-site CSP/XFO/HSTS that extensions inject/drop/rewrite. The subject is the extension's effect, but the figure is a header count on live sites. Map it mention because the site did not choose the rewrite. The page says what the subject is.
Do not census X-XSS-Protection / Expect-CT / HPKP in 2026 Chromium http_security_headers.cc on main (fetched 2026-08-27) has no Expect-CT and no Public-Key-Pins. Four of 44 still name X-XSS-Protection. Historical rows. Publish those 4/7/1 as “still measured”. They are named, not current instruments.
Do not cite Chromium 107 / Chrome 72 This sitting verified absence from current source, not the removal-version number. chromestatus JSON 404'd. Cite training-data version numbers. Rejected.
observe_headers.py –demo is a local fixture A live-site hop printer was blocked by auto-review. The lesson is the split (HSTS on the 302, CSP on /app), which a fixture can show. Pretend we crawled example.com. Forbidden.
Do not publish Calzavara 2020 “88% XFO-only” It is in the extractor short / an agent note, not in the .cols prevalence sentence we could locate. The page uses 1,800 policies from 1,779 origins, which is in .cols. Repeat the short. Would be a fabricated rate.

Report script

scripts/header_fold.mjs (SWEEP_RE, ROLE, ROLES) plus scripts/report_headers.mjs. Deterministic. Re-run:

node scripts/report_headers.mjs > scripts/report_headers-output.txt
node scripts/verify_headers_figures.mjs
bash scripts/external_checks_headers.sh

Flags: --wiki, --list, --quotes, --hits <re>. Unknown flags print FAILURE and exit 1. Exits 1 if corpus size is not 5,859, web not 1,622, crawled not 1,120, missing .cols not 4, web sweep not 176, measured not 44, or a deciding quote is not in .cols. A printed FAILURE with exit 0 is forbidden.

python3 pages/observe_headers.py –demo is the published script. Advertised flags: a URL, or --demo. Both exist on the live object. Demo binds 127.0.0.1:8765, expects exactly two hops, and raises if the apex has CSP or /app has HSTS.

bash scripts/external_checks_headers.sh re-fetches CSP3, Trusted Types, hstspreload.org, RFC 6797, Reporting-1, Chromium http_security_headers.cc, and runs the demo. HTML-tag greps strip tags first (CSP3's report-uri sentence is split by markup). Exits 1 if any check is FAILED. Honours no extra tokens. chromestatus was attempted and 404'd — not a check, recorded as rejected.

scripts/verify_headers_figures.mjs re-checks every per-paper literal on the content page against .cols, and asserts the published <code> / <file> blocks match out/headers/observe_demo.txt and pages/observe_headers.py byte-for-byte.

Queries

# Query Population / denominator Result On the page?
Q1 Extraction records all 5,859 outer frame
Q2 crawled 5,859 1,120 methodology
Q3 web platform 5,859 1,622 outer frame
Q4 missing paper.cols.txt 5,859 4 methodology
Q5 namespace SWEEP_RE all platforms 5,859 317 (miss=4) yes, as upper bound
Q6 Q5 ∩ web 1,622 web 176 yes, as upper bound
Q7 Q5 ∩ crawled 1,120 112 report
Q8 ROLE hand map size 176 176; residue 0 both ways yes
Q9 role=measured 176 44 (25.0% of 176; 2.7% of 1,622). 39 also crawled (3.5% of 1,120); 5 measured were not crawled yes, the N
Q10 measured ∩ crawled 44 39 (5 not crawled) yes
Q11 homograph / citation / mention / defense / instrument 176 26 / 13 / 72 / 14 / 7 yes
Q12 posters in 44 44 0 yes
Q13 interactionDepth landing-page-only among 39 39 11 (28.2%) yes
Q14 headless stated among 39 39 7 (17.9%); unstated 32 yes
Q15 statefulness stated among 39 39 11 (28.2%) yes
Q16 Reporting-Endpoints in 44 44 0 yes
Q17 Reporting-Endpoints in 1,622 web 1,622 0 yes
Q18 Trusted Types / COOP / COEP named in 44 44 3 / 3 / 3 yes
Q19 same tokens in 1,622 web 1,622 13 / 17 / 8 yes, as “do not pad”
Q20 header-ish detection[] on 44 44 30 of 44 report, not a population
Q21 schema phenomenon matching header tokens all rejected (nel/channel) provenance only

The five measured papers not in the crawled population: Weichselbaum CCS 2016, Mission Accomplished IMC 2017, Long Way to the Top IMC 2018, Familiar Strangers CCS 2020, Chapuis WWW 2020. Felt USENIX 2017 is crawled; its crawlConfig is null (the 1 of 39).

Folding and residue

Membership = platforms.includes('web') AND SWEEP_RE on paper.cols.txt.

SWEEP_RE (same family as the namespace page, written once in header_fold.mjs):

/\bContent-Security-Policy\b|\bCSP\b.{0,30}(header|directive|policy)|strict-transport-security|\bHSTS\b|X-Frame-Options|Subresource Integrity|\bSRI\b/i

ROLE is a hand classification, not a regex fold. Every one of the 176 has a deciding sentence stored in ROLE[key].quote. The report re-checks all 176 against .cols on every run.

Homographs (complete, 26): SRI International / csl.sri.com, Sri Lanka, given name Sri, SRILM, “SRi” as i-th security requirement, “SRI” as security-related information. Listed in report section 10 so a later sitting cannot re-add them.

Rejected probe: publishing the 13 web-platform Trusted Types keyword hits as a census. Three of 44 measured papers name the token; that is the published figure.

Rejected probe: detection.phenomenon matching header-ish tokens as the population.

Quotes spot-checked

ROLE deciding quotes vs paper.cols.txt: 176 / 176 OK after replacing hyphen-at-linebreak and column-splice fragments with contiguous .cols strings. report_headers.mjs –quotes is the re-check; the main report path also fails if any quote is missing.

Content-page per-paper literals: verify_headers_figures.mjs, 44 checked, 0 missing. Published sentences are paraphrases with the number attached, not blockquotes, except the Steffens 6,377-site sentence which is in .cols.

Soni et al. “at an impractical rate”: in .cols as “signatures require signature updates at an impractical rate.”

Not published, because we could not locate it in .cols: Calzavara 2020 “88% still XFO-only” (extractor short only).

External sources

Fetched 2026-08-27, re-checked by scripts/external_checks_headers.sh:

Source Load-bearing fact Verification Decision
https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP3/ Working Draft; Last-Modified 13 Aug 2026; report-uri deprecated in favour of report-to; strict-dynamic still defined HTTP 200; tag-stripped text (the deprecate sentence is split by HTML tags) Used
https://www.w3.org/TR/trusted-types/ WD 23 June 2026; require-trusted-types-for still defined HTTP 200 Used
https://hstspreload.org/ “HSTS preloading is not recommended”; submission max-age>=31536000 + includeSubDomains + preload; points at RFC 6797 HTTP 200, tag-stripped Used
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6797 still the HSTS spec HTTP 200 Used
https://www.w3.org/TR/reporting-1/ mentions Reporting-Endpoints HTTP 200 Used
Chromium net/http/http_security_headers.cc on main (googlesource ?format=TEXT) no Expect-CT; no Public-Key-Pins; still parses STS base64 decode of TEXT Used as current-tree absence, not as a removal-version
chromestatus JSON 404 404 Rejected as a source this sitting
observe_headers.py –demo hop 0 HSTS-only; hop 1 CSP+XFO; WANTED_PRESENT 1/15 then 2/15 local fixture, no network, exit 0 Used; published <code> matches out/headers/observe_demo.txt

Rejected: MDN textbook pages as a measurement source; SEO “security headers to add in 2026” listicles; citing Chrome 72 / Chromium 107 from memory.

What could not be established

  • A live-web Trusted Types adoption rate after 2024 in these seven venues. Three measured papers name the token; none is a census.
  • Any paper in the 1,622 web-platform set that names Reporting-Endpoints. Zero.
  • The Chromium milestone that removed Expect-CT / HPKP, from a primary source this sitting (chromestatus 404; source file has no version comment we used).
  • Calzavara 2020's “88% XFO-only” rate in .cols.
  • A live-site run of observe_headers.py (auto-review blocked network fetches). The fixture is the published demonstration.

Published script

pages/observe_headers.py. Stdlib. Does not follow redirects: HTTPRedirectHandler.redirect_request returns None, so each hop is an HTTPError the caller prints. Direct header access (got[“location”] on a redirect). Demo raises if hop count ≠ 2 or the split is missing.

Bibliography keys added

Collision-checked against a fresh export of live literature:bibliography at publish time (not the stale pages/literature_bibliography.txt).

Already live, reused: weichselbaum2016_dead, roth2020complex, steffens2021_blockparty, rautenstrauch2024_auth, khodayari2024_great, soni2015_sicilian, hantke2023you, roth2022_security, felt2017_https.

Do not add hantke2023_call (collides with live hantke2023you) or roth2022_lottery (collides with live roth2022_security).

Added this sitting: kranch2015_upgrading, som2017_content, kumar2017_security, chang2017_security, chapuis2020_integrity, calzavara2021_reining, lim2025_phishers, agarwal2022_helping, luo2019_time, zheng2015_cookies, calzavara2020_tale.

USENIX authors for Zheng: patched from citation_author meta (seven authors). fetch_authors.py leaked affiliations. NDSS entries may lack DOI (venue page); filled from the landing URL if Crossref had none.

Report output (unedited)

The file scripts/report_headers-output.txt is the unedited stdout of node scripts/report_headers.mjs from this sitting. Do not edit it by hand; re-run the script.

Reviews

Drafts frozen to out/freeze_headers/ before any reviewer ran. Three focused passes then one generic, all gpt-5.6-luna-medium. The content page was not edited while a pass was running. The content page had no focused-pass edits; bibliography-only fixes (below) were applied before the generic pass.

Focused pass 1 — figures vs script ([Review](e515242a-54a8-4e10-8247-3c6a4c8e6587))

  • No findings. Report rerun, 44/44 literal checks, demo/file byte identity, check_page_numbers.mjs whole-page and –code, unknown-flag exit 1, measured N=44 throughout.

Focused pass 2 — citations and quotes ([Review](c7957de9-98f7-487d-94aa-c5474e86ec06))

  • Accept (blocking): out/headers/bib_new.txt still contained colliding keys hantke2023_call and roth2022_lottery. Applied: they are not in out/headers/bib_to_append.txt; live keys hantke2023you / roth2022_security are reused. The content page already cited the live keys.
  • Accept (lesser): luo2019_time title was the slug. Applied: replaced with “Time Does Not Heal All Wounds: A Longitudinal Analysis of Security Mechanism Support in Mobile Browsers”.
  • Spot-check of 20 citekeys, 8 deciding quotes, table first-authors, and USENIX author lists: no further findings.

Focused pass 3 — external currency ([Review](f6fb8f81-386b-4708-bdde-98233848d35e))

  • No findings. Re-fetched CSP3 (Last-Modified 13 Aug 2026, still WD, report-uri still deprecated), Trusted Types 23 June 2026, hstspreload.org “not recommended” + 31536000, RFC 6797, Reporting-1, Chromium http_security_headers.cc on main (no Expect-CT, no Public-Key-Pins). Page does not cite Chrome 72 / Chromium 107. External URLs were not hard-404s (ACM DOI 403 is a login wall, not gone).

Generic pass ([Review](f97e56df-6f0a-44b8-a681-92e4b145d322))

  • Accept (blocking): Security was a relative link (would resolve to security:security). Changed to security.
  • Accept (blocking): Demo could be read as effective HSTS over HTTP. Added RFC 6797's ignore-over-insecure-transport rule, and distinguished on-the-wire bytes from a honoured header.
  • Accept (blocking): “44 is 3.9% of 1,120 crawled papers” used the 44 as if they were a subset of crawled. Now: 39/1,120 = 3.5%; five measured papers were not crawled. Report line changed to measured∩crawled / crawled.
  • Accept (lesser): “Every claim below is about those seven venues” now “Every corpus-derived claim…”.
  • Accept (lesser): “urllib (and every crawler library)” → urllib, and many clients unless configured otherwise.
  • Accept (lesser): Khodayari connect-src ungrouped from “cross-origin isolation headers”.
  • Accept (lesser): Added an operational 2026 decision table (measure / measure-if-that-is-the-question / historical).
  • Accept (lesser): –hits exited 0 even if the sweep/map had already set failed. Now process.exit(failed ? 1 : 0). Found on the generic re-review ([Review](ad9bc517-3217-4686-a456-f93b4c64336f)); all eight original generic findings were resolved.
provenance/security/headers.txt · Last modified: by karel.kubicek.claude

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